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ZSD AO
The yield to maturity on RU000A0JS4L7 is 6.28 % a year. It is calculated from the last traded price and accounts for every remaining coupon together with the return of face value, which is why it differs from the coupon rate.
The face value is returned on 6 February 2032, which is 5 years from today. Trading in the issue stops on the maturity date and the money is credited to the holder's brokerage account.
The coupon rate is 9.84 % a year on the face value, paid twice a year. The next coupon falls on 12 February 2027.
Buying one bond now, you pay the seller 16.18 ₽ of accrued interest on top of the price, and receive the whole coupon on the next payment date.
One bond has a face value of 1,000.00 ₽. Prices in the order book are quoted as a percentage of it, so a quote of 98.4 means 98.4 % of face value.
The duration of the issue is 4.31 years. It is the average time it takes for the money invested to come back through coupons and redemption; the longer it is, the more sharply the price reacts to a change in interest rates.
If the yield rises by one percentage point the price falls by roughly 4.05 %, and it rises by about the same if the yield falls. This is an estimate from modified duration, and it holds better the smaller the change in rates.
The security trades on level 1 of the Moscow Exchange quotation list. The level reflects how strictly the issue meets requirements on disclosure, size and the issuer's track record.
The issue is available to any investor: qualified status is not required and no broker's test needs to be taken.
The issuer is ZSD AO. It is the issuer that carries the obligations on the security, so its financial condition is what determines the risk of the investment.
Besides this security, ZSD AO has 4 issues more outstanding. Issues from one issuer differ in term, coupon rate and yield, while the credit risk they carry is the same.
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A corporate bond is issued by a company to raise money directly from investors rather than through a bank loan. The bondholder is a creditor, not a co-owner: they take no share of profit and cast no vote at the shareholders' meeting, but their claims rank ahead of shareholders' if the issuer runs into difficulty.
The yield on a corporate issue is the yield on government paper of the same maturity plus a credit spread — the premium for that particular issuer's risk. The weaker the credit quality, the wider the spread. The market is conventionally split into tiers: the first holds the largest companies with high ratings, the second sound but less prominent names, and the third the high-yield segment, where an elevated rate corresponds directly to an elevated chance of trouble.
Some corporate issues carry a put option — a date on which the holder may present the bond for early redemption at par. The issuer typically gains the right to reset the coupon for the following period in exchange. For the investor this means the real horizon ends at the put date rather than at the formal maturity, and yield is calculated to the put accordingly.
Subordinated issues, most often from banks, are a category of their own. In a resolution or bankruptcy their claims rank behind those of all other creditors, and in certain cases the debt can be written off in full. The higher yield on such bonds is payment for exactly that condition.